本文所要讲的是Android断点续传的内容,以实例的形式进行了详细介绍。
一、断点续传的原理
其实断点续传的原理很简单,就是在http的请求上和一般的下载有所不同而已。
打个比方,浏览器请求服务器上的一个文时,所发出的请求如下:
假设服务器域名为www.jizhuomi.com/android,文件名为down.zip。
get /down.zip http/1.1
accept: image/gif, image/x-xbitmap, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, application/vnd.ms-
excel, application/msword, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint, */*
accept-language: zh-cn
accept-encoding: gzip, deflate
user-agent: mozilla/4.0 (compatible; msie 5.01; windows nt 5.0)
connection: keep-alive
服务器收到请求后,按要求寻找请求的文件,提取文件的信息,然后返回给浏览器,返回信息如下:
200
content-length=106786028
accept-ranges=bytes
date=mon, 30 apr 2001 12:56:11 gmt
etag=w/"02ca57e173c11:95b"
content-type=application/octet-stream
server=microsoft-iis/5.0
last-modified=mon, 30 apr 2001 12:56:11 gmt
所谓断点续传,也就是要从文件已经下载的地方开始继续下载。所以在客户端浏览器传给web服务器的时候要多加一条信息--从哪里开始。
下面是用自己编的一个“浏览器”来传递请求信息给web服务器,要求从2000070字节开始。
get /down.zip http/1.0
user-agent: netfox
range: bytes=2000070-
accept: text/html, image/gif, image/jpeg, *; q=.2, */*; q=.2
仔细看一下就会发现多了一行 range: bytes=2000070-
这一行的意思就是告诉服务器down.zip这个文件从2000070字节开始传,前面的字节不用传了。
服务器收到这个请求以后,返回的信息如下:
206
content-length=106786028
content-range=bytes 2000070-106786027/106786028
date=mon, 30 apr 2001 12:55:20 gmt
etag=w/"02ca57e173c11:95b"
content-type=application/octet-stream
server=microsoft-iis/5.0
last-modified=mon, 30 apr 2001 12:55:20 gmt
和前面服务器返回的信息比较一下,就会发现增加了一行:
content-range=bytes 2000070-106786027/106786028
返回的代码也改为206了,而不再是200了。
知道了以上原理,就可以进行断点续传的编程了。
二、java实现断点续传的关键几点
用什么方法实现提交range: bytes=2000070-?
当然用最原始的socket是肯定能完成的,不过那样太费事了,其实java的net包中提供了这种功能。代码如下:
- url url = new url("http://www.jizhuomi.com/android/down.zip");
- httpurlconnection httpconnection = (httpurlconnection)url.openconnection();
- //设置user-agent
- httpconnection.setrequestproperty("user-agent","netfox");
- //设置断点续传的开始位置
- httpconnection.setrequestproperty("range","bytes=2000070");
- //获得输入流
- inputstream input = httpconnection.getinputstream();
从输入流中取出的字节流就是down.zip文件从2000070开始的字节流。
大家看,其实断点续传用java实现起来还是很简单的吧。
接下来要做的事就是怎么保存获得的流到文件中去了。
保存文件采用的方法:我采用的是io包中的randaccessfile类。
操作相当简单,假设从2000070处开始保存文件,代码如下:
- randomaccess osavedfile = new randomaccessfile("down.zip","rw");
- long npos = 2000070;
- //定位文件指针到npos位置
- osavedfile.seek(npos);
- byte[] b = new byte[1024];
- int nread;
- //从输入流中读入字节流,然后写到文件中
- while((nread=input.read(b,0,1024)) > 0)
- {
- osavedfile.write(b,0,nread);
- }
怎么样,也很简单吧。
接下来要做的就是整合成一个完整的程序了。包括一系列的线程控制等等。
三、断点续传内核的实现
主要用了6个类,包括一个测试类。
sitefilefetch.java负责整个文件的抓取,控制内部线程(filesplitterfetch类)。
filesplitterfetch.java负责部分文件的抓取。
fileaccess.java负责文件的存储。
siteinfobean.java要抓取的文件的信息,如文件保存的目录,名字,抓取文件的url等。
utility.java工具类,放一些简单的方法。
testmethod.java测试类。
四、实例源码
下面是源程序:
- /*
- **sitefilefetch.java
- */
- package netfox;
- import java.io.*;
- import java.net.*;
- public class sitefilefetch extends thread {
- siteinfobean siteinfobean = null; //文件信息bean
- long[] nstartpos; //开始位置
- long[] nendpos; //结束位置
- filesplitterfetch[] filesplitterfetch; //子线程对象
- long nfilelength; //文件长度
- boolean bfirst = true; //是否第一次取文件
- boolean bstop = false; //停止标志
- file tmpfile; //文件下载的临时信息
- dataoutputstream output; //输出到文件的输出流
- public sitefilefetch(siteinfobean bean) throws ioexception
- {
- siteinfobean = bean;
- //tmpfile = file.createtempfile ("zhong","1111",new file(bean.getsfilepath()));
- tmpfile = new file(bean.getsfilepath()+file.separator + bean.getsfilename()+".info");
- if(tmpfile.exists ())
- {
- bfirst = false;
- read_npos();
- }
- else
- {
- nstartpos = new long[bean.getnsplitter()];
- nendpos = new long[bean.getnsplitter()];
- }
- }
- public void run()
- {
- //获得文件长度
- //分割文件
- //实例filesplitterfetch
- //启动filesplitterfetch线程
- //等待子线程返回
- try{
- if(bfirst)
- {
- nfilelength = getfilesize();
- if(nfilelength == -1)
- {
- system.err.println("file length is not known!");
- }
- else if(nfilelength == -2)
- {
- system.err.println("file is not access!");
- }
- else
- {
- for(int i=0;i<nstartpos.length;i++)
- {
- nstartpos = (long)(i*(nfilelength/nstartpos.length));
- }
- for(int i=0;i<nendpos.length-1;i++)
- {
- nendpos = nstartpos[i+1];
- }
- nendpos[nendpos.length-1] = nfilelength;
- }
- }
- //启动子线程
- filesplitterfetch = new filesplitterfetch[nstartpos.length];
- for(int i=0;i<nstartpos.length;i++)
- {
- filesplitterfetch = new filesplitterfetch(siteinfobean.getssiteurl(),
- siteinfobean.getsfilepath() + file.separator + siteinfobean.getsfilename(),
- nstartpos,nendpos,i);
- utility.log("thread " + i + " , nstartpos = " + nstartpos + ", nendpos = " + nendpos);
- filesplitterfetch.start();
- }
- // filesplitterfetch[npos.length-1] = new filesplitterfetch(siteinfobean.getssiteurl(),
- siteinfobean.getsfilepath() + file.separator + siteinfobean.getsfilename(),npos[npos.length-1],nfilelength,npos.length-1);
- // utility.log("thread " + (npos.length-1) + " , nstartpos = " + npos[npos.length-1] + ",
- nendpos = " + nfilelength);
- // filesplitterfetch[npos.length-1].start();
- //等待子线程结束
- //int count = 0;
- //是否结束while循环
- boolean breakwhile = false;
- while(!bstop)
- {
- write_npos();
- utility.sleep(500);
- breakwhile = true;
- for(int i=0;i<nstartpos.length;i++)
- {
- if(!filesplitterfetch.bdownover)
- {
- breakwhile = false;
- break;
- }
- }
- if(breakwhile)
- break;
- //count++;
- //if(count>4)
- // sitestop();
- }
- system.err.println("文件下载结束!");
- }
- catch(exception e){e.printstacktrace ();}
- }
- //获得文件长度
- public long getfilesize()
- {
- int nfilelength = -1;
- try{
- url url = new url(siteinfobean.getssiteurl());
- httpurlconnection httpconnection = (httpurlconnection)url.openconnection ();
- httpconnection.setrequestproperty("user-agent","netfox");
- int responsecode=httpconnection.getresponsecode();
- if(responsecode>=400)
- {
- processerrorcode(responsecode);
- return -2; //-2 represent access is error
- }
- string sheader;
- for(int i=1;;i++)
- {
- //datainputstream in = new datainputstream(httpconnection.getinputstream ());
- //utility.log(in.readline());
- sheader=httpconnection.getheaderfieldkey(i);
- if(sheader!=null)
- {
- if(sheader.equals("content-length"))
- {
- nfilelength = integer.parseint(httpconnection.getheaderfield(sheader));
- break;
- }
- }
- else
- break;
- }
- }
- catch(ioexception e){e.printstacktrace ();}
- catch(exception e){e.printstacktrace ();}
- utility.log(nfilelength);
- return nfilelength;
- }
- //保存下载信息(文件指针位置)
- private void write_npos()
- {
- try{
- output = new dataoutputstream(new fileoutputstream(tmpfile));
- output.writeint(nstartpos.length);
- for(int i=0;i<nstartpos.length;i++)
- {
- // output.writelong(npos);
- output.writelong(filesplitterfetch.nstartpos);
- output.writelong(filesplitterfetch.nendpos);
- }
- output.close();
- }
- catch(ioexception e){e.printstacktrace ();}
- catch(exception e){e.printstacktrace ();}
- }
- //读取保存的下载信息(文件指针位置)
- private void read_npos()
- {
- try{
- datainputstream input = new datainputstream(new fileinputstream(tmpfile));
- int ncount = input.readint();
- nstartpos = new long[ncount];
- nendpos = new long[ncount];
- for(int i=0;i<nstartpos.length;i++)
- {
- nstartpos = input.readlong();
- nendpos = input.readlong();
- }
- input.close();
- }
- catch(ioexception e){e.printstacktrace ();}
- catch(exception e){e.printstacktrace ();}
- }
- private void processerrorcode(int nerrorcode)
- {
- system.err.println("error code : " + nerrorcode);
- }
- //停止文件下载
- public void sitestop()
- {
- bstop = true;
- for(int i=0;i<nstartpos.length;i++)
- filesplitterfetch.splitterstop();
- }
- }
- /*
- **filesplitterfetch.java
- */
- package netfox;
- import java.io.*;
- import java.net.*;
- public class filesplitterfetch extends thread {
- string surl; //file url
- long nstartpos; //file snippet start position
- long nendpos; //file snippet end position
- int nthreadid; //threads id
- boolean bdownover = false; //downing is over
- boolean bstop = false; //stop identical
- fileaccessi fileaccessi = null; //file access interface
- public filesplitterfetch(string surl,string sname,long nstart,long nend,int id) throws ioexception
- {
- this.surl = surl;
- this.nstartpos = nstart;
- this.nendpos = nend;
- nthreadid = id;
- fileaccessi = new fileaccessi(sname,nstartpos);
- }
- public void run()
- {
- while(nstartpos < nendpos && !bstop)
- {
- try{
- url url = new url(surl);
- httpurlconnection httpconnection = (httpurlconnection)url.openconnection ();
- httpconnection.setrequestproperty("user-agent","netfox");
- string sproperty = "bytes="+nstartpos+"-";
- httpconnection.setrequestproperty("range",sproperty);
- utility.log(sproperty);
- inputstream input = httpconnection.getinputstream();
- //logresponsehead(httpconnection);
- byte[] b = new byte[1024];
- int nread;
- while((nread=input.read(b,0,1024)) > 0 && nstartpos < nendpos && !bstop)
- {
- nstartpos += fileaccessi.write(b,0,nread);
- //if(nthreadid == 1)
- // utility.log("nstartpos = " + nstartpos + ", nendpos = " + nendpos);
- }
- utility.log("thread " + nthreadid + " is over!");
- bdownover = true;
- //npos = fileaccessi.write (b,0,nread);
- }
- catch(exception e){e.printstacktrace ();}
- }
- }
- //打印回应的头信息
- public void logresponsehead(httpurlconnection con)
- {
- for(int i=1;;i++)
- {
- string header=con.getheaderfieldkey(i);
- if(header!=null)
- //responseheaders.put(header,httpconnection.getheaderfield(header));
- utility.log(header+" : "+con.getheaderfield(header));
- else
- break;
- }
- }
- public void splitterstop()
- {
- bstop = true;
- }
- }
- /*
- **fileaccess.java
- */
- package netfox;
- import java.io.*;
- public class fileaccessi implements serializable{
- randomaccessfile osavedfile;
- long npos;
- public fileaccessi() throws ioexception
- {
- this("",0);
- }
- public fileaccessi(string sname,long npos) throws ioexception
- {
- osavedfile = new randomaccessfile(sname,"rw");
- this.npos = npos;
- osavedfile.seek(npos);
- }
- public synchronized int write(byte[] b,int nstart,int nlen)
- {
- int n = -1;
- try{
- osavedfile.write(b,nstart,nlen);
- n = nlen;
- }
- catch(ioexception e)
- {
- e.printstacktrace ();
- }
- return n;
- }
- }
- /*
- **siteinfobean.java
- */
- package netfox;
- public class siteinfobean {
- private string ssiteurl; //sites url
- private string sfilepath; //saved files path
- private string sfilename; //saved files name
- private int nsplitter; //count of splited downloading file
- public siteinfobean()
- {
- //default value of nsplitter is 5
- this("","","",5);
- }
- public siteinfobean(string surl,string spath,string sname,int nspiltter)
- {
- ssiteurl= surl;
- sfilepath = spath;
- sfilename = sname;
- this.nsplitter = nspiltter;
- }
- public string getssiteurl()
- {
- return ssiteurl;
- }
- public void setssiteurl(string value)
- {
- ssiteurl = value;
- }
- public string getsfilepath()
- {
- return sfilepath;
- }
- public void setsfilepath(string value)
- {
- sfilepath = value;
- }
- public string getsfilename()
- {
- return sfilename;
- }
- public void setsfilename(string value)
- {
- sfilename = value;
- }
- public int getnsplitter()
- {
- return nsplitter;
- }
- public void setnsplitter(int ncount)
- {
- nsplitter = ncount;
- }
- }
- /*
- **utility.java
- */
- package netfox;
- public class utility {
- public utility()
- {
- }
- public static void sleep(int nsecond)
- {
- try{
- thread.sleep(nsecond);
- }
- catch(exception e)
- {
- e.printstacktrace ();
- }
- }
- public static void log(string smsg)
- {
- system.err.println(smsg);
- }
- public static void log(int smsg)
- {
- system.err.println(smsg);
- }
- }
- /*
- **testmethod.java
- */
- package netfox;
- public class testmethod {
- public testmethod()
- { ///xx/weblogic60b2_win.exe
- try{
- siteinfobean bean = new siteinfobean("http://localhost/xx/weblogic60b2_win.exe","l:\\temp","weblogic60b2_win.exe",5);
- //siteinfobean bean = new siteinfobean("http://localhost:8080/down.zip","l:\\temp","weblogic60b2_win.exe",5);
- sitefilefetch filefetch = new sitefilefetch(bean);
- filefetch.start();
- }
- catch(exception e){e.printstacktrace ();}
- }
- public static void main(string[] args)
- {
- new testmethod();
- }
- }
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