上一节讲了Fragment与Activity的通信,本节将给大家演示Fragment的实例。
把条目添加到动作栏
你的fragment们可以向activity的菜单(按Manu键时出现的东西)添加项,同时也可向动作栏(界面中顶部的那个区域)添加条目,这都需通过实现方法onCreateOptionManu()来完成。
你从fragment添加到菜单的任何条目,都会出现在现有菜单项之后。Fragment之后可以通过方法onOptionsItemSelected()来响应自己的菜单项被选择的事件。
你也可以在fragemnt中注册一个view来提供快捷菜单(上下文菜单)。当用户要打开快捷菜单时,fragment的onCreateContextMenu()方法会被调用。当用户选择其中一项时,fragemnt的onContextItemSelected()方法会被调用。
注:尽管你的fragment可以分别收到它所添加的菜单项的选中事件,但是activity才是第一个接收这些事件的家伙,只有当activity对某个事件置之不理时,fragment才能接收到这个事件,对于菜单和快捷菜单都是这样。
下例中实验了之前所讲的所有内容。此例有一个activity,其含有两个fragment。一个显示莎士比亚剧的播放曲目,另一个显示选中曲目的摘要。此例还演示了如何跟据屏幕大小配置fragment。
MainActivity:
- @Override
- protectedvoid onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setContentView(R.layout.fragment_layout);
- }
Layout.xml:
- <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- android:orientation="horizontal"
- android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent">
- <fragment class="com.example.android.apis.app.FragmentLayout$TitlesFragment"
- android:id="@+id/titles" android:layout_weight="1"
- android:layout_width="0px" android:layout_height="match_parent" />
- <FrameLayout android:id="@+id/details" android:layout_weight="1"
- android:layout_width="0px" android:layout_height="match_parent"
- android:background="?android:attr/detailsElementBackground" />
- </LinearLayout>
系统在activity加载此layout时初始化TitlesFragment(用于显示标题列表),TitlesFragment的右边是一个FrameLayout,用于存放显示摘要的fragment,但是现在它还是空的,fragment只有当用户选择了一项标题后,摘要fragment才会被放到FrameLayout中。
然而,并不是所有的屏幕都有足够的宽度来容纳标题列表和摘要。所以,上述layout只用于横屏,现把它存放于ret/layout-land/fragment_layout.xml。
之外,当用于竖屏时,系统使用下面的layout,它存放于ret/layout/fragment_layout.xml:
- <FrameLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent">
- <fragment class="com.example.android.apis.app.FragmentLayout$TitlesFragment"
- android:id="@+id/titles"
- android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" />
- </FrameLayout>
这个layout只包含TitlesFragment。这表示当使用竖屏时,只显示标题列表。当用户选中一项时,程序会启动一个新的activity去显示摘要,而不是加载第二个fragment。
下一步,你会看到Fragment类的实现。第一个是TitlesFragment,它从ListFragment派生,大部分列表的功能由ListFragment提供。
当用户选择一个Title时,代码需要做出两种行为,一种是在同一个activity中显示创建并显示摘要fragment,另一种是启动一个新的activity。
- public static class TitlesFragment extends ListFragment {
- boolean mDualPane;
- int mCurCheckPosition = 0;
- @Override
- public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);
- // Populate list with our static array of titles.
- setListAdapter(new ArrayAdapter<String>(getActivity(),
- android.R.layout.simple_list_item_activated_1, Shakespeare.TITLES));
- // Check to see if we have a frame in which to embed the details
- // fragment directly in the containing UI.
- View detailsFrame = getActivity().findViewById(R.id.details);
- mDualPane = detailsFrame != null && detailsFrame.getVisibility() == View.VISIBLE;
- if (savedInstanceState != null) {
- // Restore last state for checked position.
- mCurCheckPosition = savedInstanceState.getInt("curChoice", 0);
- }
- if (mDualPane) {
- // In dual-pane mode, the list view highlights the selected item.
- getListView().setChoiceMode(ListView.CHOICE_MODE_SINGLE);
- // Make sure our UI is in the correct state.
- showDetails(mCurCheckPosition);
- }
- }
- @Override
- public void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) {
- super.onSaveInstanceState(outState);
- outState.putInt("curChoice", mCurCheckPosition);
- }
- @Override
- public void onListItemClick(ListView l, View v, int position, long id) {
- showDetails(position);
- }
- /**
- * Helper function to show the details of a selected item, either by
- * displaying a fragment in-place in the current UI, or starting a
- * whole new activity in which it is displayed.
- */
- void showDetails(int index) {
- mCurCheckPosition = index;
- if (mDualPane) {
- // We can display everything in-place with fragments, so update
- // the list to highlight the selected item and show the data.
- getListView().setItemChecked(index, true);
- // Check what fragment is currently shown, replace if needed.
- DetailsFragment details = (DetailsFragment)
- getFragmentManager().findFragmentById(R.id.details);
- if (details == null || details.getShownIndex() != index) {
- // Make new fragment to show this selection.
- details = DetailsFragment.newInstance(index);
- // Execute a transaction, replacing any existing fragment
- // with this one inside the frame.
- FragmentTransaction ft = getFragmentManager().beginTransaction();
- ft.replace(R.id.details, details);
- ft.setTransition(FragmentTransaction.TRANSIT_FRAGMENT_FADE);
- ft.commit();
- }
- } else {
- // Otherwise we need to launch a new activity to display
- // the dialog fragment with selected text.
- Intent intent = new Intent();
- intent.setClass(getActivity(), DetailsActivity.class);
- intent.putExtra("index", index);
- startActivity(intent);
- }
- }
第二个fragment,DetailsFragment显示被选择的Title的摘要:
- public static class DetailsFragment extends Fragment {
- /**
- * Create a new instance of DetailsFragment, initialized to
- * show the text at 'index'.
- */
- public static DetailsFragment newInstance(int index) {
- DetailsFragment f = new DetailsFragment();
- // Supply index input as an argument.
- Bundle args = new Bundle();
- args.putInt("index", index);
- f.setArguments(args);
- return f;
- }
- public int getShownIndex() {
- return getArguments().getInt("index", 0);
- }
- @Override
- public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
- Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- if (container == null) {
- // We have different layouts, and in one of them this
- // fragment's containing frame doesn't exist. The fragment
- // may still be created from its saved state, but there is
- // no reason to try to create its view hierarchy because it
- // won't be displayed. Note this is not needed -- we could
- // just run the code below, where we would create and return
- // the view hierarchy; it would just never be used.
- return null;
- }
- ScrollView scroller = new ScrollView(getActivity());
- TextView text = new TextView(getActivity());
- int padding = (int)TypedValue.applyDimension(TypedValue.COMPLEX_UNIT_DIP,
- 4, getActivity().getResources().getDisplayMetrics());
- text.setPadding(padding, padding, padding, padding);
- scroller.addView(text);
- text.setText(Shakespeare.DIALOGUE[getShownIndex()]);
- return scroller;
- }
- }
如果当前的layout没有R.id.detailsView(它被用于DetailsFragment的容器),那么程序就启动DetailsActivity来显示摘要。
下面是DetailsActivity,它只是简单地嵌入DetailsFragment来显示摘要。
- public static class DetailsActivity extends Activity {
- @Override
- protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- if (getResources().getConfiguration().orientation
- == Configuration.ORIENTATION_LANDSCAPE) {
- // If the screen is now in landscape mode, we can show the
- // dialog in-line with the list so we don't need this activity.
- finish();
- return;
- }
- if (savedInstanceState == null) {
- // During initial setup, plug in the details fragment.
- DetailsFragment details = new DetailsFragment();
- details.setArguments(getIntent().getExtras());
- getFragmentManager().beginTransaction().add(android.R.id.content, details).commit();
- }
- }
- }
注意这个activity在检测到是竖屏时会结束自己,于是主activity会接管它并显示出TitlesFragment和DetailsFragment。这可以在用户在竖屏时显示在TitleFragment,但用户旋转了屏幕,使显示变成了横屏。
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